Military history of the Netherlands. The Netherlands, as a nation- state, dates to 1. Perhaps you have noticed that Dutch people really really love the colour orange. But why orange, you may ask? Isn't the Dutch flag red, white and blue.Previously, the Germanic tribes had no written language during the ancient and early medieval periods, so what we know about their early military history comes from accounts written in Latin and from archaeology. This causes significant gaps in the historic timeline. Germanic wars against the Romans are fairly well documented from the Roman perspective; however, Germanic wars against the early Celts remain mysterious because neither side recorded the events. Wars between the Germanic tribes in Northern Belgium and the present day Netherlands, and various Celtic tribes that bordered their lands, are likely due to their geographical proximity. Belgium, a country with a Dutch- speaking majority, became an independent state in 1. Netherlands. Despite the contemporary political boundaries, they share much of the same military history. Ancient times. The tribes spread south, possibly motivated by the deteriorating climate of that area. They crossed the River Elbe, most likely overrunning territories formerly occupied by Celtic people. In the East, other tribes, such as Goths, Rugians and Vandals, settled along the shores of the Baltic Sea pushing southward and eventually settling as far away as Ukraine. The Angles and Saxons migrated to England. The Germanic peoples often had unsettled relationships with their neighbours and each other, leading to a period of over two millennia of military conflict over various territorial, religious, ideological and economic issues. Germanic tribes often fought both against and for the Roman Empire. On Christmas Day 4. Our study in the Netherlands directory lets you find courses in Holland and has helpful advice on studying in Holland such as costs and visa info. Rhine, Franks, Allemanni, Burgundians, Suebi and Vandals crossed the Rhine from present day Germany into Gaul. The Franks later expelled the Goths from Aquitaine and absorbed the Burgundians. They were later to give their name to modern France. In 4. 55, under the leadership of their King Gaiseric, the Vandals seized Rome, plundering it for 1. From 7. 72 to 8. 14, the Frankish King Charlemagne held the Carolingian Empire, an empire which contained nearly all of the following modern day countries: the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France (except Brittany), Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy north from below Rome, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco and parts of Spain (northeast), Czech Republic (west), Hungary (west) and Croatia (northwest). The Batavi. This led to the Latin name of Batavia for the area. The same name is used for several military units, originally raised among the Batavi. They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his commentary Gallic Wars as living on an island formed by the Meuse River after it is joined by the Waal, 8. Roman miles from the mouth of the river. He said there were many other islands formed by branches of the Rhine, inhabited by a . The areas inhabited by the Batavians were never occupied by the Romans, as the Batavians were allies. The Batavians incorrectly became regarded as the sole and eponymous ancestors of the Dutch people. The Netherlands were briefly known as the Batavian Republic. Moreover, during the time Indonesia was a Dutch colony (the Dutch East Indies), the capital (now Jakarta) was named Batavia. If the ancestry of most native Dutch people were traced back to Germanic tribes, most would lead to the Franks, Frisians and Saxons. Christmas in The Netherlands / Holland. For most children in The Netherlands, the most important day during December is 5th December, when Sinterklaas. Netherlands Tourism Welcome to Netherlands Tourism, a blog completely dedicated to the Netherlands, or Holland as many often (wrongly) use to refer to the country. Open source travel guide to Netherlands, featuring up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, nightlife, travel tips and more. Dutch is in fact a Low Frankish language, and is the only language (together with Afrikaans, which descends from Dutch itself) to be a direct descendant of Old Frankish, the language of the Franks. Military units of the Batavi. The bodyguard, Indus, was of the Batavian tribe. Later, Tacitus described the Batavians as the bravest of the tribes of the area, hardened in the Germanic border wars, with cohorts under their own noble commanders transferred to Britannia. He said they retained the honour of the ancient association with the Romans, not required to pay tribute or taxes and used by the Romans only for war: . They were well regarded for their skills in horsemanship and swimming, for their men and horses could cross the Rhine without losing formation, according to Tacitus. Dio Cassius describes this surprise tactic employed by Aulus Plautius against the . ![]()
This they easily crossed because they knew where the firm ground and the easy passages in this region were to be found; but the Romans in attempting to follow them were not so successful. However, the Batavians swam across again and some others got over by a bridge a little way up- stream, after which they assailed the barbarians from several sides at once and cut down many of them. After the 3rd century, however, the Batavians are no longer mentioned, and they are assumed to have merged with the neighbouring Frisian and Frankish people. The Romans. Both were outposts, especially above the Meuse and apart from a few Roman legions sent there to protect the Empires borders, the Roman presence was limited. The provinces were called Gallia Belgica named after the Belgae, a group of Celtic tribes conquered by the Romans, and Germania Inferior (inferior meaning 'low' in Latin, and Germania referring to the area occupied by the Germanic tribes). During the Revolt of the Batavi, which took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 6. AD, the rebels led by Civilis managed to destroy four legions and inflict humiliating defeats on the Roman army. After their initial successes, a massive Roman army led by Quintus Petillius Cerialis eventually defeated them. Following peace talks, the situation was normalized, but Batavia had to cope with humiliating conditions and a legion stationed permanently within her lands. The Franks. The confederation was formed out of Germanic tribes: Salians, Sugambri, Chamavi, Tencteri, Chattuarii, Bructeri, Usipetes, Ampsivarii, Chatti. They entered the late Roman Empire from the present day Netherlands and northern Germany and conquered northern Gaul where they were accepted as a foederati and established a lasting realm (sometimes referred to as Francia) in an area that covers most of modern- day France and the western regions of Germany (Franconia, Rhineland, Hesse) and the whole of the Low Countries, forming the historic kernel of the two modern countries. The conversion to Christianity of the pagan Frankish king Clovis was a crucial event in the history of Europe. Like the French and Germans, the Dutch also claim the military history of the Franks as their own. Battle of Soissons (4. The Franks under Clovis I defeat the last Roman army in Gaul. Battle of Tolbiac (4. The Franks under Clovis I defeat the Alamanni tribe. Battle of Vouill. Historians have debated whether it had the enormous significance that is often claimed, but it was nonetheless a huge symbolic victory . From 7. 51, under the Carolingian Dynasty, it is known as the Carolingian Empire. After the Treaty of Verdun of 8. East, West and Middle Francia. East Francia gave rise to the Holy Roman Empire with Otto I the Great in 9. Since the term . This practice explains in part the difficulty of describing precisely the dates and physical boundaries of any of the Frankish kingdoms and who ruled the various sections. The contraction of literacy while the Franks ruled compounds the problem: they produced few written records. In essence, however, two dynasties of leaders succeeded each other; first the Merovingians and then the Carolingians. Emerging from the eastern part of the Frankish Empire after its division in the Treaty of Verdun (8. By the 1. 8th century, it still consisted of the larger part of modern Germany, Bohemia (now Czech Republic), Austria, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Belgium, and Luxembourg, as well as large parts of modern Poland and small parts of the Netherlands and Croatia. Previously, it had included all of the Netherlands and Switzerland, parts of modern France and Italy. By the middle of the 1. Empire had been greatly reduced in power. The Eighty Years' War (1. The war resulted in the Seven United Provinces being recognized as an independent state. The region now known as Belgium and Luxembourg also became established as the Southern Netherlands, part of the Seventeen Provinces that remained under royal Habsburg rule. The United Provinces of the Netherlands, or the Dutch Republic, became a world power, through its merchant shipping and huge naval power, and experienced a period of economic, scientific and cultural growth. In the late 1. 6th century military reform by Maurice of Orange laid the foundation for early modern battlefield tactics. The Dutch States Army between 1. Europe, together with the English and French. The main battles of the Eighty Years' War. After a successful ambush the Dutch killed about 2,0. Spanish troops, while losing 5. Including one of its commanders, Adolf of Nassau) of its own. Decisive Spanish victory. Louis of Nassau failed to capture the city of Groningen. Louis was chased by the Duke of Alva and defeated at the Battle of Jemmingen by the larger and better equipped Spanish army. Surrender of Dutch troops after a bloody siege by Spanish troops. Dutch victory. During the siege 6,0. Leiden died. The siege ended because geuzen opened the dikes surrounding the city causing the Spanish troops to flee. Decisive Spanish victory. The Dutch army, though more numerous, was defeated because a large amount of the unpaid mercenaries fled before and during the battle. Both Dutch commanders, Louis of Nassau and Henry of Nassau were killed. Decisive Spanish victory. After the battle, the Spanish commander John of Austria executed over 1,0. Dutch prisoners of war. Spanish victory. The siege lasted over a year despite 6. Spanish troops arrived. Spanish victory. Dutch victory. The Dutch entered Breda on a peatship filled with 7. Dutch soldiers led by Maurice of Nassau, taking the city with minimal casualties. Decisive Dutch victory. Fifteen cavalry units and several hundred Dutch infantry soldiers defeated a Spanish army of over 5.
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